How does a hub motor work?

Hub motors are electric motors integrated into the hub of a wheel to provide propulsion for vehicles like e-bikes, scooters, and skateboards. Their operation involves the interaction of magnetic fields between stationary and rotating components.

Key Components

• Stator - Stationary part containing wire-wound iron cores
• Rotor - Rotating part connected to the wheel axle and fitted with permanent magnets

Magnetic Interaction

Electric current flowing in the stator coils produces a magnetic field. This interacts with the magnetic field from the rotor's permanent magnets.

Commutation

To sustain rotation, the stator's magnetic field direction is continuously switched via a process called commutation. Brushless designs use electronic sensors.

Electromagnetic Force

The interacting magnetic fields generate an electromagnetic force that causes the rotor to spin within the stator.

Mechanical Motion

The rotor is connected to the wheel axle, so its rotation gets transferred to the wheel, propelling the vehicle forward.

Regenerative Braking

Some hub motor can also act as generators, converting motion to electricity during braking to recharge batteries.

Conclusion

Hub motors work on the principle of magnetic field interaction between the stator and rotor to produce rotation and drive the wheels of electric vehicles.