When a hub motor is energized, the motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, which drives the wheels and drives the vehicle forward. The hub motor works on the principle of an electronic phase changer (switching circuit). Based on the position sensor signal, the sequence and timing of energizing the stator winding are controlled to produce a rotating magnetic field that drives the rotor to rotate. In a brushed motor, energy is transferred through brushes that contact the motor's rotating shaft. Energy is transferred electronically in a brushless motor, eliminating physical contact between stationary and moving parts. Although brushless motor technology is more expensive, most of them are more efficient and longer lasting than brushed motor systems. In a hub motor , the axis of the wheel is the overall axis of the magnet. In short, the rotor of the motor spins while the stator remains stationary. The rotor consists mainly of some type of permanent magnet and the stator consists mainly of a coil. Hub motor drive technology is also known as wheel-mounted motor technology. Its most important feature is the integration of power, transmission and braking devices into the wheel hub, thus greatly simplifying the mechanical components of electric vehicles.
Hub motor has a lot of torque at start-up, which is exactly what many vehicles need. The maximum torque of a hub motor occurs when the rotor starts to turn, which is why it does not require a transmission. In some parts of the world, hub motors are becoming more common on electric bicycles and electric scooters. While there are many advantages, the operating principle and characteristics of hub motors result in increased spring weight, which can have a detrimental effect on handling and driving.
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